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(Specification: 0003 R. Bron)'
(Obsoletes: 0000 June 2020)'
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( Specification Style Guide)'
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(Abstract)'
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( This document describes the fundamental and unique style conventions and)'
( editorial policies currently in use for the Specification Series. It offers)'
( guidance regarding the style and structure of a Specification.)'
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(Copyright Notice)'
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( This document is licensed under a)'
( Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License)'
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( You should have received a copy of the license along with this work. If not,)'
( see )'
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(Bron [Page 1])'
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(SD0003 Specification Style Guide June 2020)'
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(Table of Contents)'
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( 1. Introduction ........................................................... 3)'
( 2. Key Words .............................................................. 3)'
( 2.1. MUST .............................................................. 3)'
( 2.2. MUST NOT .......................................................... 3)'
( 2.3. SHOULD ............................................................ 3)'
( 2.4. SHOULD NOT ........................................................ 3)'
( 2.5. MAY ............................................................... 4)'
( 2.6. Guidance in the use of these Imperatives .......................... 4)'
( 2.7. Security Considerations ........................................... 4)'
( 3. Specification Syle Conventions ......................................... 5)'
( 3.1. Language .......................................................... 5)'
( 3.2. Punctuation ....................................................... 5)'
( 3.3. DNS Names and URIs ................................................ 5)'
( 3.4. Capitalization .................................................... 5)'
( 3.5. Citations ......................................................... 6)'
( 3.6. Abbreviation Rules ................................................ 6)'
( 4. Structure of a Specification Document .................................. 7)'
( 4.1. First-Page header ................................................. 7)'
( 4.1.1. Author/Editor ................................................ 8)'
( 4.1.2. Organization ................................................. 8)'
( 4.1.3. Updates and Obsoletes ........................................ 8)'
( 4.2. Full Title ........................................................ 9)'
( 4.3. Abstract Section .................................................. 9)'
( 4.4. Table of Contents Section ......................................... 9)'
( 4.5. Body of the Document .............................................. 9)'
( 4.5.1. Introduction Section ........................................ 10)'
( 4.5.2. Requirements Language Section ............................... 10)'
( 4.5.3. Internationalization Considerations Section ................. 10)'
( 4.5.4. Security Considerations Section ............................. 10)'
( 4.5.5. References Section .......................................... 11)'
( 4.5.5.1. URIs in Specification Documents ........................ 11)'
( 4.5.5.2. Referencing Specification Documents .................... 12)'
( 4.5.5.3. Referencing Other Standards Development Organizations .. 13)'
( 4.6. Acknowledgements Section ......................................... 13)'
( 4.7. Contributors Section ............................................. 13)'
( 4.8. Author Information Section ....................................... 14)'
( 5. Security Considerations ............................................... 14)'
( 6. Normative References .................................................. 15)'
( Acknowledgements ......................................................... 15)'
( Author Information ....................................................... 15)'
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(Bron [Page 2])'
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(SD0003 Specification Style Guide June 2020)'
()'
(1. Introduction)'
()'
( The ultimate goal of the Specification publication process is to produce)'
( documents that are readable, clear, consistent, and reasonably uniform. The)'
( basic formatting conventions for Specification Documents were established in)'
( August 2018 [SD0000]. This document describes the fundamental and unique)'
( style conventions and editorial policies for Specification Documents. It is)'
( intended as a stable, infrequently updated reference for authors, editors,)'
( and reviewers.)'
()'
( The world of technical publishing has generally accepted rules for grammar,)'
( punctuation, capitalization, sentence length and complexity, parallelism,)'
( etc. These generally accepted rules are to be followed within Specification)'
( Documents.)'
()'
(2. Key Words)'
()'
( In many standards track documents several words are used to signify the)'
( requirements in the specification. These words are often capitalized. This)'
( section defines these words as they should be interpreted in Specification)'
( Documents. Authors who follow these guidelines should incorporate this)'
( phrase near the beginning of their document:)'
()'
( The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",)'
( "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this)'
( document are to be interpreted as described in SD0003.)'
()'
( Note that the force of these words is modified by the requirement level of)'
( the document in which they are used.)'
()'
(2.1. MUST)'
()'
( This word, or the terms "REQUIRED" and "SHALL", mean that the definition is)'
( an absolute requirement of the specification.)'
()'
(2.2. MUST NOT)'
()'
( This phrase, or the phrase "SHALL NOT", mean that the definition is an)'
( absolute prohibition of the specification.)'
()'
(2.3. SHOULD)'
()'
( This word, or the adjective "RECOMMENDED", mean that there may exist valid)'
( reasons in particular circumstances to ignore a particular item, but the full)'
( implications must be understood and carefully weighed before choosing a)'
( different course.)'
()'
(2.4. SHOULD NOT)'
()'
( This phrase, or the phrase "NOT RECOMMENDED", mean that there may exist)'
( valid reasons in particular circumstances when the particular behavior is)'
( acceptable or even useful, but the full implications should be understood)'
( and the case carefully weighed before implementing any behavior described)'
( with this label.)'
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(Bron [Page 3])'
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(SD0003 Specification Style Guide June 2020)'
()'
(2.5. MAY)'
()'
( This word, or the adjective "OPTIONAL", mean that an item is truly)'
( optional. One vendor may choose to include the item because a particular)'
( marketplace requires it or because the vendor feels that it enhances the)'
( product while another vendor may omit the same item. An implementation)'
( which does not include a particular option MUST be prepared to interoperate)'
( with another implementationn which does include the option, though perhaps)'
( with reduced functionality. In the same vein an implementation which does)'
( include a particular option MUST be prepared to interoperate with another)'
( implementation which does not include the option \(except, of course, for the)'
( feature the option provides\).)'
()'
(2.6. Guidance in the use of these Imperatives)'
()'
( Imperatives of the type defined in this section must be used with care and)'
( sparingly. In particular, they MUST only be used where it is actually)'
( required for interoperation or to limit behavior which has potential for)'
( causing harm \(e.g., limiting retransmissions\). For example, they must not)'
( be used to try to impose a particular method on implementors where the)'
( method is not required for interoperability.)'
()'
(2.7. Security Considerations)'
()'
( These terms are frequently used to specify behavior with security)'
( implications. The effects on security of not implementing a MUST or SHOULD,)'
( or doing something the specification says MUST NOT or SHOULD NOT be done)'
( may be very subtle. Document authors should take the time to elaborate the)'
( security implementations of not following recommendations or requirements)'
( as most implementors will not have had the benefit of the experience and)'
( discussions that produced the specification.)'
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(Bron [Page 4])'
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(SD0003 Specification Style Guide June 2020)'
()'
(3. Specification Style Conventions)'
()'
( This Style Guide does not use the terminology as defined in section 2.)'
()'
(3.1. Language)'
()'
( The Specification publication language is English. Spelling may be either)'
( American or British, as long as an individual document is internally)'
( consistent. Where both American and British English spelling are used within)'
( a document or cluster of documents, the text will have to be modified to be)'
( consistent with American English spelling.)'
()'
(3.2. Punctuation)'
()'
( - No overstriking \(or underlining\) is allowed.)'
()'
( - When a sentence ended by a period is immediately followed by another)'
( sentence, there must be two blank spaces after the period.)'
()'
( - A comma is used before the last item of a series, e.g.,)'
()'
( "TCP service is reliable, ordered, and full duplex")'
()'
( - When quoting literal text, punctuation is placed outside quotation marks,)'
( e.g.,)'
()'
( Search for the string "Error Found".)'
()'
( When quoting general text, such as general text from another Specification)'
( Document, punctuation may be included within the quotation marks.)'
()'
( Quotation marks are not necessary when text is formatted as a block)'
( quotation.)'
()'
(3.3. DNS Names and URIs)'
()'
( Angle brackets are strongly recommended around URIs, e.g.,)'
()'
( )'
()'
(3.4. Capitalization)'
()'
( - Capitalizationn must be consistent within the document and ideally should)'
( be consistent with related Specification Documents.)'
()'
( - Per CMOS guidelines, the major words in document titles and section titles)'
( should be capitalized \(this is sometimes called "title cases"\). Typically,)'
( all words in a title will be capitalized, except for internal articles,)'
( prepositions, and conjunctions.)'
()'
( - Section titles that are in sentence form will follow typical sentence)'
( capitalization.)'
()'
( - Titles of figures may be in sentence form or use title case.)'
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(Bron [Page 5])'
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(SD0003 Specification Style Guide June 2020)'
()'
(3.5. Citations)'
()'
( - References and citations must match. That is, there must be a reference)'
( for each citation used. and vice versa.)'
()'
( - Citations must be enclosed in square brackets \(e.g., "[CITE1]"\).)'
()'
( - A citation/reference tag must not contain spaces.)'
()'
( Example: "[SD0003]" rather than "[SD 0003]")'
()'
( However, the proper textual naming of a Specification contains a space.)'
()'
( Example: "See SD 0003 for more information.")'
()'
( - Cross-references within the body of the document and to other documents)'
( must use section numbers rather than page numbers, as pagination may change)'
( per format and device.)'
()'
(3.6. Abbreviation Rules)'
()'
( Abbreviations should be expanded in document titles and upon first use in the)'
( document. The full expansion of the text should be followed by the)'
( abbreviation itself in parenthesis. The exception is an abbreviation that is)'
( so common that the readership of Specification Documents can be expected to)'
( recognize it immediately; examples include \(but are not limited to\) TCP, IP,)'
( SNMP, and HTTP. Some cases are marginal, and the author should make the)'
( final judgement, weighing obscurity agains complexity.)'
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(Bron [Page 6])'
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(SD0003 Specification Style Guide June 2020)'
()'
(4. Structure of a Specification Document)'
()'
( A published Specification Document will largely contain the elements in the)'
( following list. Some of these sections are required, as noted. Sections are)'
( allowed to contain nothing but subsections. The rules for each of these)'
( elements are described in more details below.)'
()'
( First-page header [Required])'
( Title [Required])'
( Abstract [Required])'
( Copyright Notice [Required])'
( Table of Contents [Required])'
( Body of the Document [Required])'
( 1. Introduction [Required])'
( 2. Requirements Language)'
( 3. ...)'
( MAIN BODY OF THE TEXT)'
( 6. ...)'
( 7. Internationalization Considerations)'
( 8. Security Considerations [Required])'
( 9. References)'
( 9.1. Normative References)'
( 9.2. Informative References)'
( Acknowledgements)'
( Contributors)'
( Author Information [Required])'
()'
( Within the body of the document, the order shown above is strongly)'
( recommended. Exceptions may be questioned. Outside the body of the)'
( document, the order above is required. The section numbers above are for)'
( illustrative purposes; they are not intended to correspond to required)'
( numbering in a Specification Document.)'
()'
(4.1. First-Page header)'
()'
( Headers will follow the format described in "RFC Streams, Headers, and)'
( Boilerplates" [RFC5741] and it's successors. In addition, the following)'
( conventions will apply.)'
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(Bron [Page 7])'
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(SD0003 Specification Style Guide June 2020)'
()'
(4.1.1. Author/Editor)'
()'
( The determination of who should be listed as an author or editor on a)'
( Specification Document is made by the stream.)'
()'
( The author's name \(initial followed by family name\) appears on the first line)'
( of the heading. Some variation, such as additional initials or)'
( capitalization of family name, is acceptable. Once the author has selected)'
( how their name should appear, they should use that display consistently in)'
( all of their documents.)'
()'
( The total number of authors or editors on the first page is generally limited)'
( to five individuals and their affiliations. If there is a request for more)'
( than five authors, the stream-approving body needs to considor if one or two)'
( editors should have primary responsibility for this document, with the other)'
( individuals listed in the Contributors or Acknowledgements section. There)'
( must be a direct correlation of authors and editors in the document header)'
( and the Authors' Information section. These are the individuals that must)'
( sign off on the document and respond to inquiries.)'
()'
(4.1.2. Organization)'
()'
( The author's organization is indicated on the line following the author's)'
( name.)'
()'
( For multiple authors, each author name appears on its own line, followed by)'
( that author's organization. When more than one author is affiliated with the)'
( same organization, the organization can be "factored out", appearing only)'
( once following the corresponding Author lines. However, such factoring is)'
( inappropriate when it would force an unacceptable reordering of author names.)'
()'
( If an author can not or will not provide an affiliation for any reason,)'
( "Independent", "Individual Contributor", "Retired", or some other term that)'
( appropriately describes the author's affiliation may be used. Alternatively,)'
( a blank line may be included in the document header where no affiliation is)'
( provided.)'
()'
(4.1.3. Updates and Obsoletes)'
()'
( When a Specification Document obsoletes or updates a previously published)'
( Specification Document or Specification Documents, this information is)'
( included in the document header. For example:)'
()'
( "Updates: nnnn" or "Updates: nnnn, ..., nnnn")'
()'
( "Obsoletes: nnnn" or "Obsoletes: nnnn, ..., nnnn")'
()'
( If the document updates or obsoletes more than one document, numbers will be)'
( listed in ascending order.)'
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(Bron [Page 8])'
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(SD0003 Specification Style Guide June 2020)'
()'
(4.2. Full Title)'
()'
( The title must be centered below the rest of the heading, preceded by two)'
( blank lines and followed by one blank line.)'
()'
( Choosing a good title for a Specification Document can be a challenge. A good)'
( title should fairly represent the scope and purpose of the document without)'
( being either too general or too specific and lengthy.)'
()'
( Abbreviations in a title must generally be expanded when first encountered)'
( \(See section 3.6 for additional guidance on abbreviations\).)'
()'
( It is often helpful to follow the expansion with the parenthesized)'
( abbreviation, as in the following example:)'
()'
( Encoding Rules for the)'
( Common Routing Encapsulation Extension Protocol \(CREEP\))'
()'
(4.3. Abstract Section)'
()'
( Every Specification Document must have an Abstract that provides a concise)'
( and comprehensive overview of the purpose and contents of the entire)'
( document, to give a technically knowledgeable reader a general overview of)'
( the function of the document.)'
()'
( Composing a useful Abstract generally requires thought and care. Usually, an)'
( Abstract should begin with a phrase like "This memo ..." or "This document)'
( ...". A satisfactory Abstract can often be constructed in part from material)'
( within the Introduction section, but an effective Abstract may be shorter,)'
( less detailed, and perhaps broader in scope than the Introduction. Simply)'
( copying and pasting the first few paragraphs of the Introduction is allowed,)'
( but it may result in an Abstract that is both incomplete and redundant. Note)'
( also that an Abstract is not a subsitute for an Introduction; the)'
( Specification Document should be self-contained as if there were no Abstract.)'
()'
( Similarly, the Abstract should be complete in itself. It will appear is)'
( isolation in publication announcements. Therefore, the Abstract must not)'
( contain citations.)'
()'
(4.4. Table of Contents Section)'
()'
( A Table of Contents \(TOC\) is required in all Specification Documents. It must)'
( be positioned after the Copyright Notice and before the Introduction.)'
()'
(4.5. Body of the Document)'
()'
( Following the TOC is the body of the document.)'
()'
( Each Specification Document must include an Introduction section that \(among)'
( other things\) explains the motivation for the Specification and \(if)'
( appropriate\) describes the applicability of the document, e.g., whether it)'
( specifies a protocol, provides a discussion of some problem, is simply of)'
( interest to the Internet community, or provides a status report on some)'
( activity. The body of the document and the Abstract must be self-contained)'
( and separable. This may result in some duplication of text between the)'
( Abstract and the Introduction; this is acceptable.)'
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(Bron [Page 9])'
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(SD0003 Specification Style Guide June 2020)'
()'
(4.5.1. Introduction Section)'
()'
( The Introduction section should always be the first section following the)'
( TOC. While "Introduction" is recommended, authors may choose alternate)'
( titles such as "Overview" or "Background". These alternates are acceptable.)'
()'
(4.5.2. Requirements Language Section)'
()'
( Some document use certain capitalized words \("MUST", "SHOULD", etc.\) to)'
( specify precise requirement levels for technical features. Section 2 of this)'
( document defines a default interpretation of these capitalized words in)'
( Specification Documents. If this interpretation is used, this document must)'
( be citet and included as a normative reference. Otherwise, the correct)'
( interpretation must be specified in the document.)'
()'
( This section must appear as a part of the body of the memo \(as defined by)'
( this document\). It must appear as part of, or subsequent to, the)'
( Introduction section.)'
()'
( These words are considered part of the technical content of the document and)'
( are intended to provide guidance to implementers about specific technical)'
( features, generally governed by considerations of interopretability.)'
()'
(4.5.3. Internationalization Considerations Section)'
()'
( All documents that deal with internationalization issues should have a)'
( section describing those issues.)'
()'
(4.5.4. Security Considerations Section)'
()'
( All Specification Documents must contain a section that discusses the)'
( security considerations relevant to the specification.)'
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(Bron [Page 10])'
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(SD0003 Specification Style Guide June 2020)'
()'
(4.5.5. References Section)'
()'
( The reference list is solely for recording reference entries. Introductory)'
( text is not allowed.)'
()'
( The Specification Style allows the use of any of a variety of reference)'
( styles, as long as they are used consistently within a document. However,)'
( where necessary, some reference styles have been described for use within the)'
( Series. See the examples in this document.)'
()'
( Reference lists must indicate whether each reference is normative or)'
( informative, where normative references are essential to implementing or)'
( understanding content of the Specification Document and informative)'
( references provide additional information. When both normative and)'
( informative references exist, the references section should be split into two)'
( subsection:)'
()'
( s. References)'
()'
( s.1. Normative References)'
()'
( xxx)'
( ...)'
( xxx)'
()'
( s.2. Informative References)'
()'
( xxx)'
( ...)'
( xxx)'
()'
( References will generally appear in alphanumeric order by citation tag.)'
( Where there are only normative or informative references, no subsection is)'
( required; the top-level section should say "Normative References" or)'
( "Informative References".)'
()'
(4.5.5.1. URIs in Specification Documents)'
()'
( The use of URIs in references is acceptable, as long as the URI is the most)'
( stable \(i.e., unlikely to change and expected to be continuously available\))'
( and direct reference possible. The URI will be verified as valid during the)'
( Specification Document editorial process.)'
()'
( If a dates URI \(one that includes a timestamp for the page\) is available for)'
( a referenced web page, its use is required.)'
()'
( Note that URIs may not be the sole information provided for a reference)'
( entry.)'
()'
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(Bron [Page 11])'
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(SD0003 Specification Style Guide June 2020)'
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(4.5.5.2. Referencing Specification Documents)'
()'
( The following format is required for referencing Specification Documents.)'
( Note the ordering for multiple authors: the format of the name of the last)'
( author listed is different than that of all previous authors in the list.)'
()'
( For one author or editor:)'
()'
( [SDXXXX] Last name, First initial., Ed. \(if applicable\),)'
( "Specification Title", Sub-series number \(if applicable\),)'
( Specification number, Date of publication,)'
( )'
()'
( Example:)'
()'
( [SD0003] Bron, R.,)'
( "Specification Style Guide")'
( SD 0003, June 2020)'
( )'
()'
( For two authors or editors:)'
()'
( [SDXXXX] Last name, First initial., Ed. \(if applicable\))'
( and First initial. Last name, Ed. \(if applicable\),)'
( "Specification Title", Sub-series number \(if applicable\))'
( Specification number, Date of publication)'
( )'
()'
( For three or more authors or editors:)'
()'
( [SDXXXX] Last name, First initial., Ed. \(if applicable\),)'
( Last name, First initial., Ed. \(if applicable\),)'
( and First initial. Last name, Ed. \(if applicable\),)'
( "Specification Title", Sub-series number \(if applicable\))'
( Specification number, Date of publication)'
( )'
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(Bron [Page 12])'
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(SD0003 Specification Style Guide June 2020)'
()'
(4.5.5.3. Referencing Other Standards Development Organizations \(SDOs\))'
()'
( The following format is suggested when referencing a document or standard)'
( from another SDO in which authors are listed:)'
()'
( [SYMBOLIC-TAG])'
( Last name, First initial. and First initial. Last name, "Document)'
( Title", Document reference number, Date of publication, .)'
()'
( [W3C.REC-xml11])'
( Bray, T., Paoli, J., Sperberg-McQueen, C., Maler, E., Yergeau, F.,)'
( and J. Cowan, "Extensible Markup Language \(XML\) 1.1 \(Second)'
( Edition\)", W3C Recommendation REC-xml11-20060816, August 2006,)'
( .)'
()'
( Note that the order of authors in the list is the same as order shown on the)'
( actual document and that the common, abbreviated form of SDO is used.)'
()'
( Alternatively, when no list of authors is available, the following format is)'
( recommended:)'
()'
( [SYMBOLIC-TAG] Organization, "Document Title", Document reference number,)'
( Date of publication, .)'
()'
( Example:)'
()'
( [IEEE802.1Q] IEEE, "Local and Metropolitan Area Networks -- Media Access)'
( Control \(MAC\) Bridges and Virtual Bridged Local Area)'
( Networks", IEEE Std 802.1Q-2011, August 2011,)'
( .)'
()'
(4.6. Acknowledgements Section)'
()'
( This optional section may be used instead of, or in addition to, a)'
( Contributors section. It is often used by authors to publicly thank those)'
( who have provided feedback regarding a document and to note any documents)'
( from which text was borrowed.)'
()'
(4.7. Contributors Section)'
()'
( This optional section acknowledges those who have made significant)'
( contributions to the document.)'
()'
( In a similar fashion to the Author Information section, the determination)'
( of who should be listed as a contributor is made by the stream.)'
()'
( The Contributors section may include brief statements about the nature of)'
( particular contributions \("Sam contributed Section 3"\), and it may also)'
( include affiliations of listed contributors. At the descretionnn of the)'
( author\(s\), contact addresses may also be included in the Contributors)'
( section, for those contributors whose knowledge makes them useful for future)'
( contacts for information about the Specification Document. The format of any)'
( contact information should be similar to the format of information in the)'
( Author Information section.)'
()'
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(Bron [Page 13])'
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(SD0003 Specification Style Guide June 2020)'
()'
(4.8. Author Information Section)'
()'
( This required section gives contact information for the author\(s\) listed in)'
( the first-page header.)'
()'
( Contact information must include a long-lived email address and optionally)'
( may include a postal address, telephone number, and/or Public PGP key. If)'
( the postal address is included, it should include the country name, using the)'
( English short name listed by the ISO 3166 Maintenance Agency [ISO_OBP]. The)'
( purpose of this section is to \(1\) unambiguously define author identity \(e.g.,)'
( the John Smith who works for FooBar Systems\) and \(2\) provide contact)'
( information for future readers who have questions and comments.)'
()'
( The practice of munged email addresses \(i.e., altering an email address to)'
( make it less readable to bots and web crawlers to avoid spam\) is not)'
( appropriate in an archival document series. Author contact information is)'
( provided so that the readers can easily contact the author with questions)'
( and/or comments. Address munging is not allowed in Specification Documents.)'
()'
(5. Security Considerations)'
()'
( This document has no security considerations.)'
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(Bron [Page 14])'
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(SD0003 Specification Style Guide June 2020)'
()'
(6. Informative References)'
()'
( [SD0000] Bron, R., "Specification Format", SD 0000, August 2018)'
( )'
()'
( [RFC5741] Daigle, L., Ed., Kolkman, O., Ed., and IAB, "RFC Streams,)'
( Headers, and Boilerplates", RFC 5741, December 2009,)'
( .)'
()'
( [ISO_OBP] ISO, "Online Browsing Platform \(OBP\)",)'
( .)'
()'
(Acknowledgements)'
()'
( This document relies heavily on RFC 7322 [RFC7322]; as such, I am grateful to)'
( the authors of those documents for putting their time and effort into the RFC)'
( Series.)'
()'
(Author Information)'
()'
( R. Bron)'
( EMail: robin@finwo.nl)'
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(Bron [Page 15])'
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